In the construction engineering, the application of damping materials can reduce the damage caused by wind vibration on the one hand, and offset the natural period of buildings from the earthquake period on the other hand, so as to minimize these natural hazards and ensure the safety of people's lives and properties.

Damping materials in building components

Generally speaking, the surface of building sound insulation components should be relatively hard and dense material, which has strong reflection for the sound wave incident on it, greatly reducing the transmitted sound wave, thus playing a sound insulation role. The surface of the sound-absorbing material is generally porous and soft, which has strong absorption and transmission to the sound wave on it, so that the reflected sound wave is greatly reduced. This is the main difference between sound absorption materials and sound insulation materials. If the sound insulation materials are classified according to the use occasions, they can be mainly divided into building sound insulation materials, sound insulation devices and sound insulation in product equipment. The sound insulation materials for air acoustic buildings mainly include walls, doors, windows, etc. Because these materials are mainly used for building sound insulation, they do not need to be moved after completion, and they do not have high requirements for weight. Therefore, these materials generally have a large density and relatively economic cost. For the sound insulation materials of product equipment, such as passenger cars, high-speed trains, airplanes and other interior sound insulation materials, it is necessary to use sound insulation materials like sound insulation pads. These materials are generally composed of polymer. Due to the quality theorem of sound insulation and the lightweight requirements of these products, the density of these sound insulation pads needs to be designed according to the actual situation. In the actual design and application of sound insulation materials, first of all, it is required to design the sound insulation structure with the largest sound insulation amount and the lightest structure within the noise frequency band; at the same time, in the actual use, it is also necessary to consider the impact of field sealing and other combined structures on the overall sound insulation. The main functions of damping material, sound absorption material and sound insulation material are introduced. In the actual noise reduction project, these materials can be embodied in a single form, and also can act as a composite structure as required. For example, in order to improve the sound insulation of the structure, the sandwich composite sound insulation structure of sound insulation absorption sound insulation is widely used at present; and in the noise reduction of oil and gas pipelines or central air conditioning and other shell structures, the package structure of damping absorption sound insulation is also used.